Economic Analysis of Shanghai Port

Economic Analysis of Shanghai Port GROUP MEMBERS: Li Zhou (043-867-118) Botao Lin (053-077-129) Mingwei Tang (038-307-138) Yihong Wu (014-113-138) Introduction and Background: Introduction: Shanghai port is one of the most famous ports in the world; it is also the worlds busiest trading port. Shanghai ports foreign trade accounted for the major coastal port throughput of about 20% in China, government use Shanghai port to implement open-door policy and participate in the international economy. As statistics shown, Shanghai cargo and container throughput are among the top in the world in 2010. Location: Shanghai port is located in the central China coastline. â€Å"Situated at the junction of the West/East transport route by the Yangtze River and the South/North route along the seacoast† (shanghai port). Size: â€Å"Shanghai covers an area of 3,619.6km ² at the mouth of the Yangtze.†(Ship technology )The total quay length of about 20 kilometers and has 293 thousand square meters of warehouses.†(Port profile). Shanghai Port is the largest port in China. History: On November 17th 1843, Shanghai port was forced to operate by the Qing Government. A lot of foreign businessmen start swarmed into Shanghai. â€Å"They took notorious actions like appointment of foreign harbor master, designation of foreign vessel anchorages and berths, demarcation of apron waters, building of warehouses and yards, drug smuggling, human trafficking.†(Shanghai). This rampant phenomenon always occurs, but incompetent Qing government had no power to solve and prevent the phenomenon. After the Qing government reforms its own institutions, Shanghai port consolidated the rights and began to focus on trade. In 1853, â€Å"Shanghai became the largest foreign trade port in China. After the 1870’s, Shanghai Port evolved into the shipping center in China where contemporary industrial clusters took shape at both sides of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.†(Shanghai). At the beginning of the 20th Century, â€Å"Huangpu Fairway Bureau dredged and harnessed several sections of the Wusong Estuary and the Huangpu River so that 10,000-tonnage vessels might sail into the Huangpu River at high tide.†(Shanghai).Because a lot of investment development of the port, Shanghai port developed very rapidly. It facilitated the transport of goods; as a result Chinas economy has improved dramatically. Through more than half a century of endless efforts, Shanghai Port has become a one of the most modern and famous ports in a world. In the future, the Chinese government will continue the development of the port of Shanghai; it has become an important symbol of China. Globalization: Driven by open-door policy and economic globalization, the port became an important international connecting channel node. As an important port, Shanghai port is one of the most effected ports about international trade in the world. Therefore, China began to spend a lot of money and labor to develop the port of Shanghai. Under the influence of globalization, China is known as the worlds factory, most of the worlds low-cost products are made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹in china. Moreover, Shanghai port not only maintains a good state, but it also has a perfect transportation system, as a result China developed close trading relationship with other countries. More and more international companies build factories or look for factories in China. This will stimulate the Chinese and the world economy. People witnessed the phenomenal growth of globalized Shanghai Port. Over the past decade, Shanghai’s throughput has increased more than two times of the original. In year 2008 to 2012, despite the economic crisis, Chinas port economy is still in a rising state. Compared with neighboring countries: South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Shanghai port has a clear price advantage. This is also a reason why numerous companies choose Shanghai. Shanghai port cargo throughput currently still has steady growth of 4.9 percent average annual growth rate. Since 2010, Shanghai is emerged as the worlds largest container port, and its containers throughput reached a record-breaking of 32.5 million TEU. Shanghai is a high efficiency, strong hinterland accessible world-class port. Cultural Considerations: Shanghai has different position in different times. In ancient times, from the Qin Dynasty to the Tang and Song dynasties, it gradually forms the edge of the center; from the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it is in the prosperous city. In modern times, it is a Chinese mega-city. It is the largest port, the foreign exchanges base, the economic center, and most importantly one of the national cultural centers in China. Since 1949, it is still the Chinese mega-cities, Chinas industrial base, the financial backbone of the 1990s in the forefront of reform and opening up in China. Shanghai is located in the midpoint of the Chinese mainland coastline, the sea of the Yangtze River, where is on the â€Å"T shaped intersection. After shipping developed into such geographical conditions on the advantages of the port, through the Huangpu River, the Grand Canal and the southern waterways dense spider web, Shanghai became the hub of the Yangtze River Delta foreign trade. Therefore, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanghai is one of the important foreign trade ports in China. After entering the modern history of the development of shipping and technology, the rapid development of oceanic trade, located in the Western Pacific hub of Shanghai route, ideal for port development and shipping trade of the world. Shanghai North and Tokyo, Osaka, Japan, the East and San Francisco, Los Angeles area, south of Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore, distances are relatively modest, after the opening of the Suez Canal, and the European transport more convenient. Remediation of the Hu angpu River in the early 20th century road carried, increasing the port’s deep-water berths and shoreline, construction of a number to meet the needs of large shipping docks, warehouses and stacks, a large port of Shanghai as an international condition more perfect. Competitive factors – locally, regionally, and internationally. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Strong market leadership: in 2010, shanghai overtook Singapore to become the busiest and largest port in the world. â€Å"China’s Shanghai port has retained its title as the worlds busiest container port in 2013 with a total throughput of 33.6m teu, up 3.4% from 32.5m teu in 2012.à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ shanghai)† Advantageous geographical location: Shanghai port located at the front edge of the Yangtze River Delta and near major global shipping routes. It’s one of major hub port in china and the china’s most important gateway for international trade. The port of shanghai is equipped with world’s biggest crane, high-tech trials and one of most advanced control systems that any containable. Moreover, they have some of best container port operators in the business. Weaknesses: 1) The port facilities cannot cope with such an increasing volume of exports and imports. Small player compared to its competitors: there is no doubt that shanghai is busiest and largest port in the world. However, compare with other competitor, Shanghai port has low port productivity. In time million tons of silt washed down the Yangtze River. Because of insufficient water depth, shanghai port is unable to accommodate big ship. (except Yangshan deep water port) Opportunities: 1) Government support: The government pay attention on shanghai port. â€Å"The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (PFTZ) officially launched and the existing Yangshan Free Trade Port Area will be included in the new zone.†(Free) 2) With the global expansion of business, more and more countries need to do the trade with china and import goods from china. Moreover, most â€Å"well know† brand’s majority of its goods are assembled or made in the Chinese mainland. 3) Deep-water port started operationà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡Shanghai Yangshan port is able to accommodate big ship. Threats: The competition is increasing. The port of shanghai will face increasing amount of competitors from neighboring port. The rising fuel price and labor price. Successful Factors: The geographic of shanghai port is a key factor that lead to the success of this key seaport. Shanghai port located at the front edge of the Yangtze River Delta and near major global shipping routes. The shanghai port comprises a deep water port and a river port. â€Å"With a favorable geographical location, it made shanghai port becomes a key area of development for coastal trade during the Qing dynasty from 1644 to 1912.†(The world) The policy of government is a key factor that leads to the success of this key seaport. In 1842, China opened port to foreign trade. Throughout most of the Chinese history, Shanghai port plays an important role in import and export trade. â€Å"In 1991, the central government allowed Shanghai to initiate economic reform.† As result of this policy, the port of shanghai has developed rapidly. In 2013, the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone officially launched and its first free trade zone is established in China. It definitely attract foreign investor investing in shanghai. With the global expansion of business, more and more countries need to do the trade with china and import goods from china. Competitive Factors: Shanghai Port is the worlds busiest container port in 2010. In 2010, Shanghai also took a quarter share of Chinas foreign trade. China is the largest container market in the world today. Consequently Beijing is focusing attention on Shanghai and hopes it will be a world-leading international shipping and financial center by 2020. In its 12th five-year plan, Beijing also emphasized the importance of the development of Hong Kongs maritime industry. The ports are considered crucial gateways: Shanghai to the booming Yangtze River Delta region and Hong Kong to the hugely successful Special Economic Zones in the Pearl River Delta region of southern China. Shanghais proximity to the Yangtze River Delta is expected to contribute to significant growth in port traffic driven by exports. However, with the development of the Yangshan Port approximately 27 kilometers from the coast of Shanghai, the Port has established competitive transshipment capabilities. Asias dominance in world seaborne trad e will require the continued development of ports and bonded areas to attract associated maritime services. Infrastructure is crucial but it is not the whole story: competitive strategies and collaboration through effective government policy will help shape the future success of individual ports. Although it has been suggested that the Port of Shenzhen may overtake the Port of Shanghai by the end of the decade, Shanghai’s increasing dominance in transshipment and more generally as a maritime center makes it a crucial comparator port to Hong Kong. This working paper will first identify the key features of the ports of Hong Kong and Shanghai. In order to identify disparities and opportunities, it will examine the regulatory framework of the Port of Shanghai, including incentives for the maritime industry. There is a substantial body of academic research concerning interaction between ports: predominantly in the fields of economics, management and transport logistics and geography. It is perhaps only through such a broad spectrum of analysis that the overall competitiveness of a port can be properly assessed–it is impossible to attribute the success or demise of a port to a single factor. Moreover, modern ports are a complex agglomeration of stakeholders including terminal operators, regulatory bodies, logistics companies, shipping lines, and many more. Although it is the intention that the present working paper focus on two specific aspects of maritime competitiveness, namely governmental regulation and policies, the wealth of discourse on port competition and integration is instructive and reference will be made where relevant. Process of the Seaport: Our goods will ship to Canada from Shang Hai seaport. Our good is clothes. We are going to ship our good by container ship. We will use closed general cargo container. We decided to use FCL as our containerized service, because our goods have huge export volume. We are going to pick regional service routes as our trade routes, because we have sufficient volume to commitment of direct services between Shanghai and Canada. If we want to ship goods to Toronto, we will use Macro land bridge internationalism, because it saves time and money. We will sign clean bill of lading with master of the ship to indicating the apparent order and condition of the goods received on board. Sustainability: â€Å"Shanghai is the largest Chinese city by population and the largest city proper by population in the world.†(from) â€Å"Shanghai is a global financial center, and a transport hub with the worlds busiest container port.†(from) â€Å"Shanghai sits on the Yangtze River Delta on Chinas eastern coast, and the main seaports area distributed along the Yellow River.† (shanghai) The Yangtze River and Huangpu River can provide fresh water for the seaport, and it is also ensures that the width of the ship into the territory and a lot of space ship anchor. There are some data shows that Shanghai seaport has all kinds of harbor berths of 1140, and wharves line length is 91.6 km. Container throughput in the feeder container volume 2,026,000 TEUs, international transit boxes 785,000 TEUs, domestic container throughput of 3,137,000 TEUs. By the end of 2006, Shanghai seaport container liner route to reach 2106 flights per month, of which 498 flights are ocean routes. In the first five months of 2013, Shanghai seaport handled 12.7 million TEU, but its biggest rival Singapores container volume was just 12.1 million TEU. Because of the low labour costs, more and more manufacturers would love to set up factories in western China. Therefore, Shanghai expected the throughput’s average annual growth rate to be about 10% in the next five years. Based on above six points, Shanghai is a big city that has great potential and sustainability of seaport in the future. Financial Analysis: Commodity description: clothing, T-shirt, fitted top in pima cotton jersey. Price per piece/unit: 1.3 CAD. Quantity of product: 10000 pieces. Total weight of shipment Weight: 18kg/per carton*100 = 1800kg. Total cube of shipment: 24m^3 Total Quantity: 100cartons. Carton: 80cm*50cm*60cm 0.8m*0.5m*0.6m = 0.24m^3 0.24m^3*100 = 24m^3 = 20ft container INCOTERM chosen: CIF and shanghai port as to incoterm 2010. Port of loading: Shanghai Port of destination: Montreal Total export price: 13000CAD. Total freight amount in Canadian dollars: ocean freight 1350CAD, inland freight 300CAD Total: 1350 CAD. Insurance premium (if applicable):0.8% war 0.08 Profit margin: 30% Total/final export price (based on INCOTERM chosen): 13000*(1+15%-9%)/ (1+15%) +1650 = 13632.6087 CAD 13632.6087/ (1 1.1*0.0088 0.3) = 19748.24531 CAD Citations About the Port of Shanghai.Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. Port of Shanghai: Port Profile Freight Statistics, Container Shipping — Dedola Global Logistics.Freight Forwarder, Global Logistics, Supply Chain, Customs Broker Dedola Global Logistics. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. Port of Shanghai.Ship Technology. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. from Shanghai Pudong airport to the Westin Bund Center.SHANGHAI. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. Shanghai.Artistopia Music. N.p., n.d. Web. 12Mar.2014. Shanghai retains crown as worlds busiest container port in 2013. Seatrade Global – Maritime News | Offshore News | Shipping News. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. free trade zone raises hopes-shanghai. BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2014. PortArea .com | World Leading Port Agent Center Port of Shanghai. PortArea .com | World Leading Port Agent Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. WPS Port of Shanghai review. World Port Source. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2014. The worlds busiest, handles 736m tonnes every year. Mail Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2014.

Religious Traditions

Religious Tradition Sheila Risner REL/133 November 29, 2010 Matthew Morrison Religious Tradition Religion comes in many forms. What one sect of people believe, will find another believes something totally opposite. There are so many religious rituals and beliefs that is hard for anyone to comprehend all the traditions and worship. The human race is always striving to find a sense of peace and harmony, and are searching for what will give them that feeling and understanding. The Oxford English Dictionary (n. d. ) defines religion as a particular system of faith and worship.It is interesting to note that faith and worship are the two components of religion. Religion has eight elements according to (Molloy, 2010); belief system, community, central myths, rituals, ethics, characteristic emotional experiences, material expressions, and sacredness. Each religion has its own belief system and ideas. There are three indigenous religion cultures that will be described; the Igbo, Pueblo people , and the Hawaiian religion. Igdo worship the goddess of the earth and various spirits such as the river, the yam, and the hearth.Igdo people worship the high God Chukwu and Chineke. Igbos believe that each person has a unique spirit and they can control their own fate. No mention of any kind texts they use for instruction, but they do use masks for use in dances and ceremonies. The Igdo believe that the funeral is the most important ritual. They say that they help the deceased inter the spiritual world. The pueblo people believed in the kachinas, and are the guardian spirits, and are believed to be with the people during ceremonial occasions. The mountains, rivers, and lakes are sacred to the Pueblos.The leader is said to live in these areas, along with the souls of the dead. They believe in that their people move upward through colored worlds. Six religious societies are mentioned as; dedicated to the sun, rainmakers, animal deities, war gods, guardian spirits, and priests. The Ha waiian religion believes in the chant called Kumulipo. They worship too many gods on many different islands. The two most important gods were Ku and Lono. Ku was the patron and Lono was the God of peace. Ten days in a lunar month were sacred to the Hawaiians and work was forbidden on those days.The goddess of fire, Pele, was involved the volcano eruptions. These gods were capable of transforming themselves into different shapes. Men and women ate separately. They could not eat pork, coconuts, bananas, and taro. They had a spiritual power called mana, who had to be protected from evil spirits. Public prayer was common. The Apostolic Pentecost may be one religion not heard of much today, but this is the religion I believe. This religion believes in one God named Jesus Christ, who died and rose from the grave to save us from the place called hell.The King James Version of the Bible is the text of reading. They believe in repentance, baptism, and receiving the Holy Spirit to enter into heaven according to Acts 2:38. The doctrine is according to the apostle’s doctrine in when a person receives the spirit; you will speak in new tongue as the spirit gives the utterance. People accuse this religion that speaking in tongues were for the apostle’s age only, but this has proven to be a myth only. They worship in church with hands lifted in praise. There can be dancing and singing to the God Jesus.The word of God says that a pastor of the church, will lead the church. There is what they call the five-fold ministry. The five-fold ministry is described as pastors, teachers, preachers, evangelists, and prophets, which are used in the ministry. These ministries are sacred to the church and respected as leaders. Conclusion Religion comes in many forms. Most religions of today worship the God of heaven, but as you have seen, many of different sects of people worship other gods such as rivers, mountains, and idols made of stone.It is important to know the belief sy stem, community, central myths, rituals, ethics, characteristic emotional experiences, material expressions, and sacredness of any religion because if you ever had the opportunity to visit one of those places, you would know what to respect as sacred to the people. Reference Molloy, M. (2010). Experiencing the world’s religions: Tradition, challenge, and change (5th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Religion (n. d. ). In Oxford English dictionary online. Retrieved November 28, 2010, from http://www. oed. com/

Poem Analysis of John Clare’s First Love Essay

The poem First Love by John Clare is written about the poet’s feelings of unrequited love for a wealthy farmer’s daughter, Mary Joyce. The poet uses various unusual effects in the poem to convey this sense of loss, providing deep insights into his mind in a seemingly simple and brief piece. Combined with words which reflect the mood in each verse, these make it a very powerful poem. An unusual form of contrast is used in First Love to create a powerful effect. The use of limited vocabulary is part of this, evident throughout the poem. The repetition of â€Å"sweet† suggests that the poet has not, or cannot, think of another adjective. This is further shown in the way that he starts the second stanza with â€Å"and then†, a very informal and unusual opening in a poem. Combined with this, an informal tone is developed with the use of phrases such as â€Å"blood rushed to my face† and â€Å"I never saw so sweet a face†. Despite this informal tone, the message of the poem is very insightful, as it shows a view into the poet’s mind. Rhythm in the poem is key to this, creating six sections in the poem, with the rhyme scheme for each being A, B, A, B, or for example â€Å"hour†, â€Å"sweet†, â€Å"flower†, â€Å"complete†. These sections of four lines each can be seen as individual thoughts of Clare, as they each deal with a slightly separate topic. Rhetorical questions such as â€Å"Is love’s bed always snow† also contribute to this effect, as they are almost addressed back to the poet, providing an insight into his mind. Creating a thoughtful, musing atmosphere, these make First Love a powerful poem by contrasting the deep insights into the poet’s mind and the effects this love has had on him with the simple tone and vocabulary. Divided into three stanzas, the poems examines the consequences of John Clare’s unrequited love for Mary Joyce. Stanza one deals with his initial effects she has on him, such as the total awe and shock at her beauty. In the first line, â€Å"struck† and â€Å"hour† create a metaphor of a clock, implying that this is the start of a new hour, or era in his life. The way that she has completely taken over Clare’s life is evident in the use of â€Å"stole my heart away†, and his helplessness in her hands is exemplified by his legs refus[ing] to walk away† and the question, â€Å"what could I ail? â€Å". These words combine to show that the sight of Mary Joyce for the first time has left the poet helpless and overcome by her, creating a powerful effect. Clare’s affected perception of reality is shown in the second stanza. The metaphor of his love taking his â€Å"eyesight quite away† so that the â€Å"trees and bushes† â€Å"seemed midnight at noonday† shows the reversal of Clare’s worldviews as a result of this love. The way that â€Å"words from [his] eyes did start†, which â€Å"spoke as chords do from the string† conveys the scope of this, that he begins to talk in a different way, one that is universally recognised like music – the language of love. These two metaphors make the poem powerful by conveying the effect love has had on the poet. The final stanza changes the tone of the poem, lamenting the fact that Clare’s love is unrequited. Introduced by two questions which compare Mary Joyce to â€Å"winter† and â€Å"snow†, it shows that she is cold and hard. It then concludes by linking Joyce’s â€Å"sweet†¦ ace† back to the â€Å"sweet flower† mentioned in the first stanza, but shows that she has trapped him, so that his â€Å"heart† â€Å"can return no more† to where it once was. The choice of cold, unforgiving words such as â€Å"winter†, â€Å"snow† and â€Å"silent† creates an atmosphere of lament and sorrow, and the final line links back to the first, which implies the start of a new age for Clare, as he â€Å"can return no more†. This stanza makes the poem powerful by effectively concluding the poem, and by introducing the sorrow which is the final effect love has had on the poet. The power and effectiveness of First Love is not in the cliched message of unrequited love itself, but the way that it portrayed. Clothed in a simple vocabulary and soft meter, a deep message is hidden which evokes great sympathy in the reader. By opening a window into the poet’s mind, the reader is able to see the complete hold the love has on Clare’s life and thoughts. Accomplished through contrast and effective word choice, this is the reason John Clare’s First Love is such a powerful poem.

The Asean Regional Centre For Biodiversity Conservation

I. Introduction Since its formation in 1967, the member states of The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have struggled with transboundary environmental challenges. Unsustainable logging, haze pollution, and the illegal wildlife trade are but a few of the crises facing the biodiverse region. Although formed to promote cooperation between member states, ASEAN’s ability to effectively coordinate member states to manage these urgent problems has been called into question (Leviter, 2010). Criticisms include that ASEAN’s commitment to consensus building and non-interference in other member states’ domestic affairs – known as the â€Å"ASEAN way† – makes implementation of policy too slow, causing ASEAN to take a reactive, rather than†¦show more content†¦The definition encompasses ideas such as open access, open collaboration, citizen science, research efficiency, and research understandability (OECD, 2015); this paper will largely focus on th e aspect of open science that relates to open data, in which data is available to the public (Pampel Dallmeier-Tiessen, 2014; OECD, 2015). The main rationale for open science is that the sharing of information will increase transparency in data collection and analysis, communication, and collaboration, thereby increasing education and innovation (OECD, 2015). Open science platforms are becoming more commonplace as digital technologies improve, but there is very little information on: 1. potential successes and pitfalls of open science in the context of conservation, and 2. how these platforms could be modified to suit regional realities and needs, resulting in enhanced engagement by local populations and better informed decision-making. Borneo Hub Borneo Hub is an open science platform for transboundary information sharing across the Southeast Asian island of Borneo, which is divided between the nations of Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei Darussalam. Developing innovative means of promoting sound conservation practices in this region – described as â€Å"the last remaining place where the Indo-Malaysian forests of Southeast Asia can be conserved on a scale large enough to be permanently viable† - is a major concern (Hardiono, Alfred and WWF-Malaysia, 2005). TheShow MoreRelatedAsean Concord 1 Summary862 Words   |  4 PagesASEAN Leaders also signed the Declaration of the Conduct of Parties in the East Sea (DOC). The declaration called on concerned parties to resolve sovereignty and jurisdiction issues in the South China Sea through peaceful means, and urged them to explore cooperation in such areas as safety of maritime navigation and communication, protection against pollution at the marin e environment, efforts to combat piracy and campaign against illegal drug trafficking. OctoberRead MoreThe Tropical Rainforest of Malaysia- Sarawak5131 Words   |  21 Pages it causes global warming, soil erosion, decline in biodiversity, degraded ecosystem and water- cycle.[1] Economically and ethically, the deforestation caused by logging and commercial agriculture by the developed countries, like the U.S. The people in developing countries lose their long term profits when the rainforests disappear.[2] In our opinion, it is unfair for the developing countries to lose their long-term income and the biodiversity of the forests in order to satisfy the needs and the

Moral Decline in the United States Essay - 1526 Words

Many people try to argue that there is not a moral decline going on. I have heard things such as, â€Å"the ratio of moral people and unmoral people is the same as fifty years ago; as the population grows the amount of moral and unmoral people grow too.† And what about â€Å"life around us is changing, we just have different priorties and values which determine our morals.† Everyone has their own idea of morality, what’s right and wrong and what is causing this moral decline, if there even is one. I believe there is a moral decline in our country and 74 percent of Americans agree with me according to the Cultural and Media Institute. Not only do people feel it is a decline, but the Public Agenda Survey reported that 61 percent of adults are†¦show more content†¦Why has extreme poverty in the US reached its highest point in at least three decades (McClatchy Newspapers, Feb. 22) Why is suicide the third-leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds (accor ding to the CDC)? Our country has fallen away from Jesus Christ. The foundation on which we were built has been destroyed, leaving us with a broken house. This nation is not living under God. The Bible, in which should determine our values and thus morals has been ignored making our nation morally corrupt. As we continue to let others, such as our peers and the media, determine our self-worth, social status, priorties, and boundries they will continue to direct us in the ways immorality. We need to start thinking for our selves and getting back to basics. As a Christian what I have observed in my school and in my generation is that youth do not understand what it is to be a Christian and disciple of Christ. There are those who do not have a personal relationship with Christ nor understand what being a true Christian. Then there are those who claim to be Christians but continue to live their lives with the rest of the world. And at last those who have truly dedicated their lives to C hrist and have a personal relationship with Him. In 2008 I started my own organization to encourage teens to have a daily prayer life and personal relationship with Christ. I saw this need in my school and I decided to do something about it. The scripture that I use for my organizationShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Decaying Morality On Society934 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve that morality is declining in our society, and its decline has a negative effect on society. Does the passing of time change morality or will society change with the passing of time? We can seek the answer to that question by exploring different aspects of our society to determine if a decline of morality has any negative effect on our society. Specifically, does the decline of morality have an effect on crime rates, laws, and the decline of a nation? 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Group Dynamics Observations for Internship Field Experience

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Role Of Surface Environment In Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Role Of Surface Environment In Healthcare. Answer: Project Aim The aim of the project is to prevent increasing incidence of HAI in the healthcare setting with the help of key strategies emerging from literature. The project would be significant in reducing healthcare costs associated with HAI as well as the burden of morbidity and mortality related to the issue. With the reduction of HAI rate within the care setting health care professionals would be better able to achieve desired health outcomes for the patients within the care setting. Relevance of clinical governance to the topic The National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSQHS) 2012 provide a nationally uniform and consistent set of measures of quality and safety that are to be applied across healthcare service settings. These standards are known for proposing evidence-based improvement strategies for dealing with gaps between best practice outcomes and current practice outcomes affecting patients across communities. The Standard 3 of NSQHS relates to prevention and control of healthcare associated infections. As per the standard, clinical leaders and senior managers working in healthcare settings are to implement systems for preventing and managing healthcare associated infections. These strategies are to be communicated to the entire workforce for achieving proper outcomes. The standard has the underlying principle of preventing patients from acquiring infections that are preventable in the first place. Research indicates that HAI can be effectively managed when evidence-based strategies are applied. For adhering to the above mentioned standard, effective governance and management system are to be maintained. Governance requires the managers to implement strategies and undertake proper surveillance of rate of HAI incidents. The actions in relevance to clinical governance that are to be undertaken are multidimensional. A risk management approach is to be undertaken while implementing procedures, policies and protocols. Further, there is a need of monitoring the implemented protocols, procedures and policies in a regular manner. The efficiency of infection prevention and control systems has to be reviewed at the highest level of governance in a regular manner. Surveillance is crucial for the entire care setting, and the data generated from the surveillance are to be monitored by committees who are delegated and accountable for overseeing the functioning of the care setting. Governance is also required in developing processes and systems for reporting, analysing and investigating re ports of HAI that align with the risk management strategy of the organisation. Compliance with change is crucial for being monitored, and effectiveness of changes to practice are also to be valuated with the help of suitable clinical governance (.safetyandquality.gov.au 2012). Evidence that the issue is worth solving Healthcare associated infections (HAI), also known as nosocomial infections, are those infections that are acquired by patients admitted to a healthcare setting for receiving any form of treatment. Such infection, which are preventable, include surgical site infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. HAI has been found to occur in almost al kinds of care settings such as acute care hospitals, outpatient care, long-term care facilities and ambulatory surgical settings (Sievert et al. 2013). According to Loveday et al. (2014), infectious organisms change their characteristics rapidly over time, and this leads to major challenges for infection control and management within healthcare settings. Of major concern is the transmission of bacteria which are resistant to antibacterial agents, such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Challenges also emerge while combating diseases caused by Clostridium difficile and multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as those producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or carbapenemases. As opined by Pfaller et al. (2017) Australian healthcare settings are always in demand to provide accurate and best quality care services to patients who present evolving needs. Due to the rising patient population and drastic variations in comorbidities, large patient numbers receive treatment in close proximity to each other. Patients undergo invasive procedures, get medical devices placed within the body and are administered broad-spectrum antibiotics. In addition, they are also administred immunosuppressive therapies. Such conditions lead to suitable opportunities for the spread and organisms that are infectious and pathogenic. Every year, such infection occurs in a considerable section of the total patient population and HAI is thus the most common complication that affects patients within care settings. Though some progress has been achieved in controlling the incident rate of HAI, much is still to be done. One in twenty-five hospital patients suffers from HAI at any given day of the year in Australia. About 165,000 Australians contract infections in hospitals in Australia every year. Apart from the concern of patient due to infections, issues arise in relation to increase use of health services like extended hospital stay length and reduced access to care provision. Greater demands are placed on the healthcare workforce to address the needs of the patients adequately. Studies conducted oversees and in Australia indicate that mechanisms are there which can be implemented for reducing the rate of infection in care settings. It is also to be mentioned that Australia does not have a national system for monitoring HAI and thus an exact data on the burden of hospital-acquired HAIs is not possible to be gained (Slimings et al. 2014). Key stakeholders Stakeholders are the individuals who have a role in bringing about the proposed change and are directly or indirectly impacted by the change. For the present case, the key stakeholders who would have an active involvement in the change to be brought about are registered nurses, clinicians, patients, family members, health care managers, supervisors, healthcare leaders, advisory board, and funding body. Registered nurses draw most of the attention in this regard since the strategies that are to be implemented rely on the practices of these professionals for their success outcomes. The patient population have a direct association as a project since their health condition and wellbeing would be changing for the betterment. It is to be expected that with the project in practice, patients would be able to combat the risks of suffering HAI in the long term. Successively, there would be a positive impact on the family members as well. The funding body would be allocating the required resources, they play an active role in this context. The clinicians are accountable for the clinical outcomes of the patients, and thus their input is valuable (Lewis et al. 2017). It would be pivotal to communicate the necessary information about the project in a timely manner. Any issues arising in due course are to be discussed and effective resolution are to be achieved (Swan et al. 2016). CPI Tool The Clinical Practice Improvement project would fundamentally differ from research in that the project would include changes in the form of interventions delivered, adoption of new strategies and role changes among professionals. The underlying principle would be to apply research into practice (Taylor et al. 2016). The CPI project aiming at making positive and praiseworthy changes in the processes of preventing HAI for enabling effective outcomes would make the use of the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model. The PDSA model, or tool, has been widely accepted as a proper rapid cycle improvement tool. The unique feature of the model is that it is cyclic in nature in impacting and assessing changes. The purpose of using this tool is to establish a causal or functional relationship between changes and outcomes (Chartier et al. 2017)). In the first stage of planning, a detailed and accurate evidence-based planning is to be done. Changes are to be brought about based on this planned guideline outlined. The next step involves implementing the set strategies into practice. This is to be done with the help of the concerned stakeholders within the care setting. It is to be ensured that all members of the organisation are communicated with the necessary information about the impact of the change on them. Successively, the change that is to be brought about is to be analysed, reviewed and documented. It is necessary to compare different sets of data collected through appropriate data collection methods against relevant estimates. Further, necessary actions are to be taken based on the information gathered about the progress of the project. If the goals are met, then actions are to be taken accordingly. The plan can be endorsed, and further actions can be taken for renewing it. Modifications can be brought about eventually is required to suit the needs in future. The PDSA cycle would thereby act as the plan of excellence for addressing the selected clinical challenge (Reed and Card 2016). Summary of proposed intervention Jackson et al. (2012) had highlighted that behaviour of nurses is crucial in preventing HAIs across settings. Clinical staffs, including the nurses, are to demonstrate maximum adherence with the guidelines set in place for upholding the protection of safety of the patients. Research further points out that a lack of understanding about HAI among professionals leads to the high rate of the same.For this rationale, it would be necessary to enhance the level of knowledge the individuals have. This would be done through the dissemination of information booklets within the setting at all levels of employees (Polin, Denson and Brady 2012). According to Weber et al. (2013), maintenance of hygiene within the care setting is of utmost importance for reducing HAI rate. The setting would need to initiate practices of maintaining hygiene by using effective infection control agents such as disinfectants and sanitisers. Further, two most crucial practices would be adequate hand sanitisation and use of personal protective equipment (Carling 2013). Assistance would be provided to ensure that nurses and other professionals use hand sanitisers in a more frequent manner, especially before coming in contact with a patient and after finishing caring for the same individual. The care setting would have adequate provision for personal protective equipment such as gloves, aprons, masks. Anderson et al. (2012) brought into limelight the fact that use of such equipment helps in preventing spreading of infectious agents among individuals to a considerable extent. The next step would be to implement the No Touch method of surface disinfection. The respective wards of the care setting would be made disinfected through Ultra-Violet rays and hydrogen peroxides, whichever suitable and available. These are known to have bactericidal effects. In this regard Moore, Muzslay and Wilson (2013) stated that the mentioned method is more effective than those methods that involve touching the surface for disinfecting it. Barriers Lack of motivation of and encouragement might pose as major barriers in implementing the outlined strategies (Leis and Shojania 2016). Professionals have been found to lack self-motivation in changing the process of care delivery, and thus it would be crucial to understanding their concerns for addressing them. Different motivational factors are to be drawn in to guide the workers in a positive direction. Readiness from the managers of the organisation might also be a barrier to the implementation of change. There might be lack of eagerness to support the changes. Additionally, their responses might be negative under certain circumstances. Lack of funds and availability of resources might be the other barriers to implementing change. Sustainability of the change also depends on the mentioned factors. In shortage of resources and funds, there might be a gap generated in the flow of adherence to change (Guintlo et al. 2016). Lastly, cultural barriers are noteworthy then individuals form diverse background work in collaboration with each other. Nurses might be showcasing resistance to the new strategies since they might be against their cultural preferences (Foley and Vale 2017). Evaluation of project The project aims at preventing and controlling HAI within the care setting in an effective manner. The outcomes of this would be measured through rate of incidence of HAI among different wards. Data would be collected over a period of six months. Subsequently, the data would be compared with the previously collected data on the rate of HAI prior to implementation of change. The evaluation would be done with the help of health information records, questionnaires and group discussions (). The process needs to be revised as per the requirement. If predicted results of the project are not attained, then the project would be considered for re-implementation with aligned modifications. This can be considered six months after the implementation of the program. Professional education and training would be required at the fundamental level for propagating a suitable understanding of the need of the project. The quality improvement project would be a continuing process, wherein leadership woul d support the recognized organization to its true potential. Reference Anderson, O., Brodie, A., Vincent, C.A. and Hanna, G.B., 2012. A systematic proactive risk assessment of hazards in surgical wards: a quantitative study.Annals of surgery,255(6), pp.1086-1092. Carling, P., 2013. Methods for assessing the adequacy of practice and improving room disinfection.American journal of infection control,41(5), pp.S20-S25. Chartier, L.B., Stang, A.S., Vaillancourt, S. and Cheng, A.H., 2017. Quality improvement primer part 2: executing a quality improvement project in the emergency department.Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, pp.1-7. Foley, T.J. and Vale, L., 2017. What role for learning health systems in quality improvement within healthcare providers?.Learning Health Systems. Guinto, L.B., Amore, G., Khanna, A. and Dinescu, L.I., 2016. Poster 495 Patient Experience in an Outpatient Pain Clinic: A Plan-Do-Study-Act Quality Improvement Project.PMR,8(9), p.S321. Jackson, C., Lowton, K. and Griffiths, P., 2014. Infection prevention as a show: a qualitative study of nurses infection prevention behaviours.International journal of nursing studies,51(3), pp.400-408. Leis, J.A. and Shojania, K.G., 2016. A primer on PDSA: executing plandostudyact cycles in practice, not just in name.BMJ Qual Saf, pp.bmjqs-2016. Lewis, S.L., Bucher, L., Heitkemper, M.M., Harding, M.M., Kwong, J. and Roberts, D., 2016.Medical-Surgical Nursing-E-Book: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, Single Volume. Elsevier Health Sciences. Loveday, H.P., Wilson, J., Pratt, R.J., Golsorkhi, M., Tingle, A., Bak, A., Browne, J., Prieto, J. and Wilcox, M., 2014. epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England.Journal of Hospital Infection,86, pp.S1-S70. Moore, G., Muzslay, M. and Wilson, A.P.R., 2013. The type, level, and distribution of microorganisms within the ward environment: a zonal analysis of an intensive care unit and a gastrointestinal surgical ward.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,34(5), pp.500-506. National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. (2012). Available at: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/NSQHS-Standards-Sept-2012.pdf [Accessed 15 Dec. 2017]. Pfaller, M.A., Shortridge, D., Sader, H.S., Flamm, R.K. and Castanheira, M., 2017. Ceftolozanetazobactam activity against drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing healthcare-associated infections in Australia and New Zealand: Report from an Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (20132015).Journal of global antimicrobial resistance,10, pp.186-194. Polin, R.A., Denson, S. and Brady, M.T., 2012. Strategies for prevention of health careassociated infections in the NICU.Pediatrics,129(4), pp.e1085-e1093. Reed, J.E. and Card, A.J., 2016. The problem with plan-do-study-act cycles.BMJ Qual Saf, pp.bmjqs-2015. Sievert, D.M., Ricks, P., Edwards, J.R., Schneider, A., Patel, J., Srinivasan, A., Kallen, A., Limbago, B. and Fridkin, S., 2013. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 20092010.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,34(1), pp.1-14. Slimings, C., Armstrong, P., Beckingham, W.D., Bull, A.L., Hall, L., Kennedy, K.J., Marquess, J., McCann, R., Menzies, A., Mitchell, B.G. and Richards, M.J., 2014. Increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile infection, Australia, 20112012.The Medical Journal of Australia,200(5), pp.272-276. Swan, J., Newell, S. and Nicolini, D. eds., 2016.Mobilizing Knowledge in Health Care: Challenges for Management and Organization. Oxford University Press. Taylor, M.J., McNicholas, C., Nicolay, C., Darzi, A., Bell, D. and Reed, J.E., 2016. Systematic review of the application of the plan-do-study-act method to improve quality in healthcare. BMJ Qual Safety. 2013. Weber, D.J., Anderson, D. and Rutala, W.A., 2013. The role of the surface environment in healthcare-associated infections.Current opinion in infectious diseases,26(4), pp.338-344.